Title: The title of the manuscript should be catchy, elaborative, and must contain the essentials of the paper that reflect the contents accurately (No author’s names or address).

Abstract: The abstract should be concise, containing the background, objectives, brief methodology, main results, and study conclusions along with practical application of the study results. It should not exceed 350 words as well, and appropriate keywords(approximately 5) must be provided.

Introduction: This section should be concise, to the point, and must clearly explain the objectives of the study by giving essential background in content to relevant published state-of-the-art literature. Please use the “name-year” system when citing references in the text. Where more citations appear at one point, list them chronologically and, within years, by alphabetical order. For example: (Sohaib, 2025; Iqbalet al., 2025; Sami, 2025a, b; Sohaib.2024, 2025; Sohaib and Iqbal, 2025)

Materials and Methods must explicitly describe the materials used, the analytical techniques followed, and procedures employed for obtaining data and analysis. When using the standard method, provide a complete reference. In case a modified method has been applied, then the modification must be elaborated. The year and place of study, laboratory (s) must be indicated. Experimental design (if applicable) and statistical techniques employed for data analysis must be mentioned clearly, with a
reference.

Results and Discussion could either be combined or treated separately. The results should be concisely presented using tables and figures, as well as same data may not be used in both. Appropriate statistical data should be given. Discussion must be developed logically in a proper sequence and should cover the implications and consequences, not merely recapitulating the results.

References: List all references under the heading References in alphabetical order by the authors’ surname or last name. Make sure that references quoted in the text are listed. Several papers by the same author and the same year must be followed by a, b, c, etc. after the year. The use of standard abbreviations is preferred. The following information must be provided for each reference. Author or authors’ name, Publication year, Title of paper/book, Journal full name; Volume (Issue number); pages. For books and proceedings, the name of the publisher and the location are needed.
Examples:

Journal articles:
Bahonar, A., Saadatnia, M., Khorvash, F., Maracy, M., & Khosravi, A. (2017). Carotenoids as potential antioxidant agents in stroke prevention: a systematic review. International journal of preventive medicine, 8(1), 70-76.

Books:
Awan, J. A. (2002). Food processing and preservation. 1st Ed. UnitechCommunications; Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Theses or reports:
Ibrahim, M. (1998). Aflatoxin determination in randomly collected rice samples from
the local market of Lahore. M.Phil. Food Safety and Control thesis (unpublished).
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.

Conference Proceedings:
Ahmad, M. T. and M. A. Khan (2003). Proceedings Pakistan Association of Science.
12:59. (Must be indicated where the conference was held)

Figures – These should be kept minimum. Prepare figures and line drawings using black India ink or a laser printer in Corel Draw, Excel, or a similar package compatible with Windows 2010. Number figures consecutively with Arabic numerals e.g., Fig. 3. Captions should describe the contents so that each illustration is understandable

Tables – Number tables consecutively throughout the manuscript with Arabic numerals.
All numbered tables must be referred to in the text. The table should be few in number, carefully designed, uncrowded containing only essential data. Keep column headings and descriptive matter brief, and do not use vertical rules between columns. Only tables that complement the text, rather than duplicate it, will be accepted. Keep tables to a reasonable size. Large tables should be divided into components. Tables and figures must be embedded within the text at appropriate places.

Acknowledgments, if any, should precede references. In general, strive for a clear, straightforward style that shapes up only from an imaginative use of precise, intelligible language. Keep up the literary tone of the presentation, but not at the cost of brevity and clarity.

Declaration for funding: Please provide the details for the funding source that help to plan, execute, and complete the study. If there is no funding for the paper, then provide a statement: “The present study received no funding to complete the study.”

Conflicts of Interest: Declare conflicts of interest or state “The authors declare no conflicts of interest.” Authors must identify and declare any personal circumstances or interests that may be perceived as inappropriately influencing the representation or interpretation of reported research results. Any role of the funders in the design of the study, in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results must be declared in this section. If there is no role, please state “The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results”.

Data Availability Statement: Authors must provide the statement for the data sharing options in the paper

Acronyms must be defined at first mention in the text and use standard abbreviations.

Units and Currencies – Use Metric/SI (System International) units throughout the manuscript. If non-SI units must be used, please give the conversion to the correct SI unit.

Authors’ contribution: The Authors will declare the contribution of each author, like JV and MP conceived and designed the review/project/study. DL, MC, and IL executed the experiment and analysed the sera and tissue samples. IJ analysed the data. All authors interpreted the data, critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content, and approved the final version. Place the author’s contribution before references.
Review process:
As and when the manuscript is submitted successfully, an automated manuscript ID is generated and communicated to the corresponding author. The journal’s management will try to get the submitted manuscript reviewed as early as possible. Usually, reviewers are requested to complete the review as early as possible; however, delays in the review process will not be on the part of AFNS management.

Proofs: Upon satisfactory revision and acceptance, the manuscripts are typeset. Proofs will be sent to authors for correction via Email, which should be returned within the specified period. Only minor corrections/ changes at this stage are possible. No change in the authors’ list can be made at this stage.